After completion of related programs writing and unit testing, the programmers are inter connecting that programs to form a software.

There are 4 approaches to integrate programs such as

  1. Top-down Approach
  2. Bottom up Approach
  3. Hybrid Approach
  4. System Approach

Top-down Approach: In this approach the programmers are interconnecting main program and some sub programs. In the place of remaining under constructive sub programs the programmers are using temporary programs called as Stubs.

Bottom Up Approach: In this approach the programmers are inter connecting sub programs without main program.In the place of under constructive main program the programmers are using temporary program called as Driver.

Hybrid Approach: It is a combination of top down and bottom up approaches. This approach is also known as sandwich approach.

In the place of under constructive sub and main programs the programmers are using temporary program called stub and Driver.

System Approach: From this approach the programmers are integrating programs after completion of 100% of coding. This approach is also called BigBang Approach.